Black Codes Definition - instruction for the Advancement of Women and the group amelioration of the Planet
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instruction for the Advancement of Women and the group amelioration of the Planet
Not often does it fall to individuals to be a part of history in the making. For the few who are given that privilege, its true value can only be estimated only in hindsight. More than 150 years ago in a organery at Badasht, Tahireh - Iranian poet and revolutionary - renounced her veil and before the stunned participants announced straight through the power of this deed a new age in the cause of women. Four years later, at the occasion of her execution, she cried "You can kill me as soon as you like but you cannot stop the emancipation of women".
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One and a half centuries later, and a decade into a new millennium, I pause to remember Tahireh, and all those men and women since, who have kept the flame of her cause burning brightly down all the years and passed this torch on to our generation here today; other people, other land, other century. In my mind they remain with us, and will continue to inspire and guide us just as we too must inspire and guide the generations still to come.
The association between study and Emancipation
In the globally disseminated statement "The Promise of World Peace" the Universal House of Justice describes the leading association between study and discrimination, stating "...ignorance is indisputably the necessary reason...for the perpetuation of prejudice."
More and more we realise that if we are to turn the cruel, destructive ways in which human beings treat one another, we must first turn the way they think, and the things they value. Highlighting the supreme emergency of re-educating the souls and minds of humanity, H. G. Wells said "Human history becomes more and more a race between study and catastrophe."
A crucial aspect of this study which is necessary if we are to avert catastrophe and bring equilibrium to the gift state of disequilibrium, and which will ultimately conduce to a new definition of humanity, is the process which some have called the 'feminisation' of the planet.
'Abdu'l Baha, son of Baha'u'llah, Prophet Founder of the Baha'i Faith, described this process;
"The world in the past has been ruled by force and man has dominated over woman by imagine of his more forceful and aggressive qualities both of body and mind. But the scales are already shifting, force is losing its weight, and reasoning alertness, intuition and the spiritual qualities of love and service, in which woman is strong, are gaining ascendancy. Hence the new age will be an age less masculine and more permeated with the feminine ideals, or, to speak more exactly, will be an age in which the masculine and feminine elements of civilisation will be more properly balanced."
The first entry in Collins Dictionary defining the word study is " the act or process of acquiring knowledge...". This broad definition vastly extends the sphere of study beyond that little and formalised type of study provided by the state school system. Clearly 'the act or process by which we derive knowledge' takes place on many levels. One purpose of this paper is to identify some of the traditional ways in which we have acquired our gift beliefs about the role and value of the sexes, and to suggest definite directions for future educational change.
True study Creates Enduring Change
The real value of study lies in how it constantly changes our behaviour and our thoughts. Professor B. F. Skinner offers this definition; "Education is what survives when what has been learnt has been forgotten." people can learn to behave in outwardly politically precise ways, but the real challenge is to so internalise new values that they become an inseparable part of the individual. This is what Baha'u'llah asks of us when He calls for us to become "a new race of men." Steven Covey, author of "7 Habits of extremely productive People" says "What we are communicates far more eloquently than anyone we say or do." How you behave in your day-to-day life is a truer indication of your inner beliefs than are the words you speak. For this imagine we need to focus upon our deeds rather than our words. Baha'u'llah says "The reality of man is his thought, not his material body". In seeking to promote the advancement of women, we need to retrain thoughts, attitudes, beliefs and values. We need to do this for ourselves as individuals, but we also seek to affect others at every level of our personal and social lives.
A popular catch cry of feminism has been the statement that "The personal is political". "The Promise of World Peace" describes how personal attitudes do categorically have political and international consequences, stating that denial of equality "promotes...harmful attitudes and habits that are carried from the house to the workplace, to political life, and ultimately to international relations."
In the article 'Training for the Year 2000', James Aggrey maintains that the study of girls is of the greater significance because "To educate a man is to educate a singular individual, but to educate a woman is to educate an entire nation." The words of William Ross Wallace that 'The hand that rocks the cradle Is the hand that rules the world' have become legendary.
An earlier quotation from 'The Promise' described how inequality promotes harmful attitudes and habits which men carry with them into all spheres of life. It continues by saying "Only as women are welcomed into full partnership in all fields of human endeavour will the moral and psychological atmosphere be created in which international peace can emerge" and in the subsequent paragraph states "...it is straight through educated mothers that the benefits of knowledge can be most effectively and rapidly diffused throughout society."
Here then are two key factors in the study and feminisation of our society;
* the study of women which will enable them to participate equally in all fields of human endeavour and in doing so become in themselves a source of education; a 'feminising influence' to others
* the crucial role played by women in the study of the advent generation
The study of Men is Crucial to True Equality
It is impossible to consider the issue of the advancement of women as belonging to women alone. In fact the Universal House of Justice states it is an issue that men too must own;
"It is leading to sass that the wellbeing and advancement of men is impossible as long as women remain disadvantaged. Men can not be happy whilst women are oppressed, and neither can they hope to remain unaffected by the changes women are development for themselves. The growth and development of women needs to be balanced by complementary growth and development on the part of men."
Poet and pacifist Robert Bly stated:
"Contemporary man is lost... Damaged by a childhood lack of taste with a strong male frame to embark on him into manhood. He has become a "soft' or naive' male, who, by rejecting the aggressive and offensive male traits that he has been taught women dislike, has also abandoned the forceful and heroic aspects of masculinity, to the detriment of society."
Christchurch psychotherapist Paul Baakman bluntly observed "No wonder when boys grow up they can't talk with other men, they've never learnt to talk with their bloody fathers."
The N.Z. Dominion newspaper carried a article of an 11-country study of parental involvement with children. The study reported that "Preschoolers worldwide are alone with their fathers on median less than one waking hour a day...". In their contemplate of the routines of four-year-olds, researchers found young children were rarely in the sole care of their fathers, regardless of the culture, and the article quoted an editor of the study as saying that "It categorically indicates that the rhetoric of equality and the male taking his share of the responsibility for child-rearing is a lot of talk but categorically not a lot of action."
Sandra Coney writing in the N.Z. Sunday Star Times (22.1.95) describes how faulty perception of male roles in community creates negative behaviour patterns which may have contributed to that country having the world's top youth suicide rate, reporting;
"Research by the Alcohol and social health research Unit at Auckland University found low self esteem was the dominant characteristic of today's young men.
The men's peer group was their principle source of belonging, maintain and acceptance. The group's solidarity was reinforced by drunken, foolish exploits which won approval and became part of the lore of the group.
Women threatened the young men and the cohesion of the group. They represented commitment, responsibility and the possibility of rejection. The men protected themselves from this by being hostile and offensive nearby women.
The cultural context we furnish for young men is all wrong. We expect, even tolerate their antisocial behaviour. Fathers furnish poor role models as husbands and fail to originate emotionally close relationships with their boys."
And, as final evidence of the faulty role modelling of males in Western society, let's not forget comedian Rod Dangerfield who also suffered from low self esteem as a child, and complained; "Once I told my father, 'Nobody likes me'. He said, 'Don't say that - everyone hasn't met you yet." "
The need to originate definite sex roles is tasteless to both men and women, and presents an leading challenge for our communities in order to heal past sufferings and bring about personal transformation, straight through identifying and developing strong options for the future. As Elizabeth Kubler Ross said; "I'm not Ok, you're not Ok, but that's Ok".
'Abdu'l-Baha emphasises that the equality of men and women presents issues which will negatively affect us all until they are resolved;
"Until the equality between men and women is established and attained, the top social development of mankind is not possible....Until woman and man recognise and realise equality, social and political advance will not be possible."
Supporting the advancement of women is clearly in the interests of men, on many levels. Because women are the first and most influential trainers of sons, their development will in turn enrich men, who will be better educated from the earliest years at the hands of proficient mothers. When fully one half of the world's human resources, lying largely untapped in the hearts and minds of women, are released and developed, the potential for global transformation on every level is profound. Therefore, in view of the eventual advantages to both males and females, it is easy to see why Abdu'l-Baha states "The woman is categorically of the greater significance to the race. She has the greater burden and the greater work..." '
New Concepts of Power
Many people have felt the need to coin new terms for the advancement of women that are not burdened with the negative associations many now attach to the word 'feminism'. The term 'feminisation' has already been mentioned. other phrase used by Maori in New Zealand-"mana wahine"-refers to a recognition of the possession of a woman to participate in all aspects of society. Until recently there have been clear distinctions between politically feminist and more spiritually-inspired thought. Feminism has focussed strongly on the achievement of equality straight through the acquisition of power by women. The spiritually-inspired ideal seeks power too, but in a distinct context. The development of a more balanced view was expressed in the opening address at the 1985 Nairobi seminar on Women by the seminar Secretary-General who commented ;
"Power, as it is increasingly seen by women today, is not a means of dominating others but rather an instrument to affect political, social and economic processes to generate a more humane and democratic world. Will this foresight be translated into reality? Let us hope so."
In this context women seek the power to influence, to have entrance to areas of human endeavour where our voices can be heard and our feminising influence, our 'mana wahine', felt. We seek for men to actively maintain us in becoming more educated, more influential. One potent means of educating others is straight through the 'power' of example.
Role Modelling
Role modelling is a popular term for what is referred to in Baha'i teaching as 'the dynamic force of example'. Tahireh was an early champion of this influence, in her bright words to "Let deeds, not words, be your adorning." 'Abdu'l-Baha offered the example of His own life, saying; "Look at Me, succeed Me, be as I am". The Universal House of Justice calls upon the Baha'i community to be a model.
Women have always exerted a strong yet often unacknowledged affect upon following generations straight through the power of their own lives. Macho Australian league player Alan Jones said; "What Australia needs today are examples and heroes, people and standards to look up to and live by. My mother will always be my hero."
The marvelous attraction exerted by mothers makes them leading teachers and role models for better or for worse, whether they do so consciously or unconsciously. Even the physical proximity of mothers is powerfully attractive; Helen Keller recalled; "I used to sit on my mother's knee all day long because it amused me to feel the movements of her lips and I moved my lips too, although I had forgotten what talking was."
The creation of more role models for young women was considered to be one of the lasting benefits of Women's Suffrage Year. Our communities need to consider how we can promote good role models for both our male and female children, within our families and within wider society, in day-to-day life and in their formal education.
Women's History
How well does the gift system of state study promote healthy sex role attitudes? Personally speaking, my own taste of school inclines me to the same view as rugby-playing All Black Andy Haden who said "I make no underground of the fact that I went to school to eat my lunch"
Does the article of our formal study promote healthy attitudes free from prejudice or is prejudice still perpetuated in ways which are especially hazardous because they are so insidious, subtle and deceptive? Our gift study system is in reality only a narrow slice of human knowledge; it omits the input of many cultures and, with few exceptions, fully one half the world's people since it is largely the history and knowledge of men. It denies intuition, and creates an artificial divorce of church and state, of science and religion, of materialism and human values.
For example, Rosalind Miles, in 'Review of The Women's History of the World' tells us what we could have been, but were not, taught, that;
"Aspatia, a women of Miletos was Plato's principle teacher.
Aristoclea, other woman, taught Pythgoras.
In the fourth-century Alexandria, Hypatia, again, a woman, invented the astrolabe, the planisphere and a hydroscope, Artemesia in the command of the fleet, defeated the skilful Athenians near Salamis.
Mary Reiber was transported to Australia in 1790 at the age of 13, for stealing a horse; she was to become a grain trader, hotelier, importer, asset developer and shipping magnate."
It is no surprise that girls have grown up burdened by a belief that they have only a narrow sphere of affect and opening in the world, whilst males have an opposite but also burdening belief that they must know everything. This societal pressure has produced what was wittily described in an article called "Male sass Syndrome; Why men always have opinions, even on subjects they know nothing about." I admit the tone of this article is a little flippant and unscholarly, but readers who are able to coming it with a sense of scientific detachment can categorically recognise the key point, which is of procedure an exposure of the tragedy of faulty sex role stereotyping.
Mothering
Politically-slanted feminist conceptions of power usually diminish the role of motherhood with its attendant physical and historical limitations and restrictions. Spiritually-based teachings on equality place great emphasis on the role of women as mothers. Indeed, this is the area in which women have the most manifestation of their power. 'Abdu'l-Baha states that the most of all ways to worship God is to educate the children and that no nobler deed than this can be imagined, thus acknowledging the primacy of mothers in their capacity to shape minds and souls while a child's most formative period. In this context it is mothers who, upon receiving the necessary study and resources to maximise their own potential, can "..determine the happiness, the future greatness, the courteous ways and studying and judgment, the understanding and faith of their little ones."
The role of women in educating children, particularly in early childhood, provides the vital foundation for the social study of humanity, for it is in early childhood that values are most effectively transmitted from one generation to the next, and "....it is straight through educated mothers that the benefits of knowledge can be most effectively and rapidly diffused throughout society." It follows that the role of the house in the advancement of women is a crucial one for it is here that attitudes are most rapidly and effectively disseminated from the individual to the house and ultimately to the world.
Therefore, in considering future directions in the advancement of women, traditional considerations include;
* raising the status and perceived value of mothering
* providing training and resourcing for women to become competent mothers
* developing and promoting ability parenting programmes
* investigating and demonstrating how such mothering is compatible with full participation in wider human community
* providing good role models of this compatibility
* educating and supporting fathers, and providing strong role models
*fostering an understanding and value of the significance of families to the world
*fostering the development of scholarship and literature to originate new models for mothers, fathers, families, workplaces etc.
The Transmission of Values
A traditional function of the mother is to teach good character and conduct, to train the children in values. Without morals or values, study can become as much a source of harm as advancement. G.M.Trevelyan observed of study that it "...has produced a vast people able to read but unable to distinguish what is worth reading."
There appears to be one marvelous irregularity to the lesser role into which men have traditionally cast women. Those values which men may not be able to recognise in women collectively, they are often able to appreciate in their own mothers. The musician Glenn Miller testified to his mother's training in values, describing her as "The inspirational head of a house in which she tried hard to originate an exceptionally high code of morality and a categorically deep-seated and lasting mutual love."
Len Evans said of his mother; "There was great love, affection and care, but there was also a rigid code of show the way which followed her perception of exactly what was right or wrong...inflexible, stubborn perhaps, but also totally honest, upright, endearing and supportive. A woman to be reckoned with."
The development of courses such as The Virtues Project, a global grassroots initiative bright the practice of virtues in daily life, have proven to be productive first steps in helping mothers and fathers raise a new generation committed to equity, justice, cooperation, peacefulness and those other divine qualities which will transform individuals, galvanise nations, and unite the world.
Ultimately, all those who labour in the cause of the emancipation of women must realise that concepts of equality, unity and equity are spiritual concepts. Their true attainment is reached only straight through spiritual striving, They cannot be lobbied, legislated or demonstrated for. Feminism for the most part seeks to generate outer forms and representations of equality, but it is not finding to the only sure and basal source of sustained unity which is achieved straight through spiritual study which begins in the family.
Peace Issues
New Zealand is marvelous for being the first country in the world to grant votes for women; it is also a country marvelous for horrific loss of life on the battlefields of the twentieth century.
"My poor little New Zealand" said James Herbert Henderson. "Exporting frosty meat in peace, live meat in war."
Women are the most leading factor in world peace; categorically the gift day battlefield of women, having attained inequity in winning the vote, is to become marvelous in the chase of a peace which will maintain the lives of sons and grandsons to come. The Universal House of Justice states;
"The emancipation of women, the achievement of full equality between the sexes, is one of the most important, though less acknowledged prerequisites of peace. The denial of such equality perpetuates an injustice against one half of the world's people and promotes in men harmful habits that are carried from the house to the workplace, to political life, and ultimately to international relations. There are no grounds, moral, practical, or biological upon which such denial can be justified. Only as women are welcomed into full partnership in all fields of human endeavour will the moral and psychological atmosphere be created in which international peace can emerge."
The peace which spiritually-minded women seek is not to be gained by waving banners and lobbying politicians, but by creating in our human community a atmosphere both moral and psychological, in which the attitudes of peace will gain wide acceptance. The process of the feminisation of the workplace will introduce into daily life those qualities necessary to the creation of a peaceful world, as women model the reality of "Abdu'l-Baha's words that "...women are most capable and efficient...their hearts are more tender and susceptible than the hearts of men...they are more philanthropic and responsive toward the needy and suffering...they are inflexibly opposed to war and are lovers of peace."
When women, aided and encouraged by those very men whose own lives are most at risk from war, accomplish full partnership in all areas of affect and decision making, the qualities of tenderness, compassion and peacefulness will prevail in human affairs, and the Most Great Peace, the Kingdom of Heaven, will come.
I began by recalling the events of the seminar at Badasht, and the opening on which Tahireh chose to announce the liberation of women from the shackles and veils of the past. I close with those same words from the Qur'an with which Tahireh, the Pure One, finished that address, and which foreshadow the age of peace to come;
"Verily, amid gardens and rivers shall the pious dwell in the seat of truth, in the proximity of the potent King."
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